linux 网卡设置/虚拟机克隆后网卡启动失败

静态IP设置

[root@linux1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE=eth0
NAME="System eth0"
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=9dc04a99-b654-4673-9b19-5100a2b03c51
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
ONBOOT=yes #开机自动启用此网卡设置
BOOTPROTO=static #启用静态IP地址
IPADDR=192.168.245.201 #设置IP地址
GATEWAY=192.168.245.2 #设置网关
NETMASK=255.255.255.0  #设置子网掩码
DNS1=114.114.114.114 #设置主DNS
HWADDR=00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D #网卡mac地址
PREFIX=24
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
LAST_CONNECT=1451228780

[root@linux1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
NAME="System eth0"
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=9dc04a99-b654-4673-9b19-5100a2b03c51
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.245.201
GATEWAY=192.168.245.2
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
HWADDR=00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D
PREFIX=24
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
LAST_CONNECT=1451228780

虚拟机中克隆linux后网卡启动失败

克隆的linux主机在启动之后，mac地址发生了变化或者冲突了，重启网卡会出现以下错误

[root@linux1 rules.d]# service network restart
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:  Error: No suitable device found: no device found for connection 'System eth0'.
                                                           [FAILED]

解决办法：我们需要修改mac地址
linux主机启动之后，会多出一个DHCP自动分配的网卡eth1（如果没有，通过图形界面配置一个自动获取IP的网卡），找到HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D这一串信息，我们要用到的是新的网卡mac地址：00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D

[root@linux1 Desktop]# startx #进入linux图形界面
[root@linux1 Desktop]# ifconfig #查看所有网卡信息
eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D  
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed1:9c4d/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1574 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:153 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:108954 (106.4 KiB)  TX bytes:13586 (13.2 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:62 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:62 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:4212 (4.1 KiB)  TX bytes:4212 (4.1 KiB)

修改网卡eth0配置中的HWADDR值（网卡mac地址），使用上面的新mac地址：00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D

[root@linux1 Desktop]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
[root@linux1 Desktop]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 
DEVICE=eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
UUID=9dc04a99-b654-4673-9b19-5100a2b03c51
ONBOOT=yes
NM_CONTROLLED=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.245.201
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.245.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes
IPV6INIT=no
NAME="System eth0"
HWADDR=00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D
LAST_CONNECT=1451228780

修改/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules配置中的mac地址，改成和上面的一致

[root@linux1 rules.d]# vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
[root@linux1 rules.d]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules
# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.
#
# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single
# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.

# PCI device 0x8086:0x100f (e1000)
SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0C:29:D1:9C:4D", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"

删除掉网卡eth1（如果不需要的话），重启网卡就能生效了

[root@linux1 rules.d]# ifup eth0
Active connection state: activated
Active connection path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3